Carbon Monoxide Kills More People Than Cold During Freezes
During the 2021 Texas freeze, carbon monoxide poisoning killed dozens. NEVER use these indoors:
- Gas ovens or stoves for heating
- Charcoal or propane grills
- Generators (must be 20+ feet from windows/doors)
- Outdoor propane heaters
- Car running in attached garage (even with door open)
CO symptoms: Headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion. If you feel these, get outside immediately and call 911.
Do These Things RIGHT NOW (Before Friday)
Next 24 Hours - Critical Actions
- Fill your bathtubs with water - If pipes freeze or water pressure drops, you'll need this for flushing toilets
- Fill every container with drinking water - Pots, pitchers, bottles, coolers. Tap water while you have it
- Charge everything - Phones, tablets, laptops, battery banks, flashlights
- Fill your car's gas tank - Your car is a backup warming station and phone charger
- Get cash - ATMs and card readers don't work without power
- Locate your water shutoff valve - You need to know this BEFORE pipes freeze
- Move to one room - Choose an interior room, ideally with the fewest windows
Expected Temperatures (Central Texas)
Temperatures vary by region. Check weather.gov for your specific area.
If You Couldn't Get a Generator
Generators are sold out across Texas. Here's how to stay warm without one:
The "One Room" Strategy
Pick the smallest interior room (fewer windows = less heat loss). Move everyone there—including pets. Close all doors to unused rooms. Hang blankets over windows. Stuff towels under doors.
Body heat from 4 people in a small room can raise temperature 10-15°F.
Passive Heating Methods (No Power Required)
- Layer clothing - Multiple thin layers beat one thick layer. Don't forget hat and socks (you lose major heat through head and feet)
- Sleeping bags - If you have camping gear, now's the time. Sleeping bags rated for 30°F will keep you warm in a 40°F house
- Mylar emergency blankets - Reflect body heat back to you. Layer under regular blankets
- Hot water bottles - Fill with hot water before you lose power. Put in sleeping bag or under blankets
- Warm the person, not the room - It's easier to keep a body warm than heat empty air
Your Car as a Warming Station
Your car has a heater and can charge phones. Use it safely:
- NEVER run in attached garage - Even with door open, CO can seep into house
- Park outside, away from windows and doors
- Run for 10-15 minutes to warm up, then turn off to conserve gas
- Check that exhaust pipe isn't blocked by snow
- Bring blankets to retain heat after you turn it off
Preventing Frozen Pipes
Frozen pipes can burst and cause thousands in water damage. Here's how to protect them:
Pipe Protection Checklist
- Let faucets drip - both hot AND cold lines (moving water resists freezing)
- Open cabinet doors under sinks to let warm air reach pipes
- Know where your main water shutoff valve is (usually near water heater or where main line enters house)
- If you lose power: shut off main water and open all faucets to drain
- Wrap exposed pipes with towels, blankets, or newspaper
- Keep garage doors closed if there are water lines in garage
- Disconnect garden hoses from outdoor spigots
If Pipes Freeze (But Haven't Burst)
If you turn on a faucet and only a trickle comes out, the pipe is likely frozen:
- Keep the faucet open - pressure needs somewhere to go as ice melts
- Apply gentle heat with hair dryer, heating pad, or warm towels
- NEVER use open flame (torch, lighter) - fire risk and can damage pipes
- Work from faucet toward frozen area
- Check other faucets - if one froze, others might too
Food & Water Safety
Power Outage Food Timeline
- First 4 hours: Refrigerated food is safe. Keep door closed!
- 4-24 hours: Eat refrigerated food or move outside if temps below 40°F
- 24-48 hours: Full freezer stays frozen. Half-full freezer: 24 hours max
- After 48 hours: Frozen food thawing - cook or discard meat
- Days 3+: Rely on shelf-stable food (canned goods, crackers, peanut butter)
Use the Outdoors as a Freezer
If temps stay below 40°F, put coolers outside with refrigerated food. Below 32°F, you have a natural freezer. Put perishables in sealed containers (animals will investigate) in a shaded spot.
Don't put food directly in snow - snow insulates and can actually keep food warmer than air temperature.
Water If Supply Is Disrupted
- Bathtub water - For flushing toilets only (not drinking unless boiled)
- Water heater tank - 40-80 gallons of potable water. Turn off power/gas first, open drain valve at bottom
- Melted snow - Must be boiled for 1 minute to be safe for drinking
- Pool water - Safe for flushing toilets only
Do's and Don'ts
DO
- Dress in layers, including indoors
- Check on elderly neighbors
- Let faucets drip
- Keep phone charged and limit use
- Eat regular meals (your body needs fuel to stay warm)
- Stay hydrated (dehydration happens in cold too)
- Keep a battery radio for updates
- Know warming center locations
DON'T
- Use gas oven/stove for heating
- Run generator indoors or in garage
- Use charcoal grill inside
- Leave faucets completely off
- Open fridge/freezer repeatedly
- Drive unless absolutely necessary
- Ignore signs of frostbite or hypothermia
- Wait to call 911 if someone shows CO symptoms
Signs You Need Emergency Help
Call 911 Immediately If:
- Hypothermia signs: Shivering stops, confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness, loss of coordination
- Frostbite signs: White or grayish-yellow skin, skin feels waxy, numbness
- CO poisoning signs: Headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion (get outside FIRST, then call)
- Medical emergency: Chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe injury
- House fire: Get out, stay out, call from outside
Warming Centers & Resources
If your home becomes unsafe, local warming centers can help:
- Texas 211: Dial 2-1-1 or text your ZIP code to 898-211 for local warming centers
- Red Cross: Open Shelter Finder
- City websites: Check your city's official website or social media for warming center locations
After the Freeze
When temperatures rise above freezing:
- Check for burst pipes - Look for water damage, listen for running water when all faucets off
- Inspect water heater - Look for leaks or damage
- Check roof - Ice dams can cause leaks as they melt
- Document damage - Photos for insurance claims
- Restock supplies - Before the next event (yes, this will happen again)
Related Resources
Complete Winter Power Outage Guide
In-depth guide to surviving extended blackouts during extreme cold
Winter Storm Preparedness
General winter storm prep with detailed checklists
Texas Emergency Guide
All hazards facing Texas and how to prepare
Generator Size Calculator
For next time: know exactly what generator you need
Heating Fuel Calculator
Calculate propane, kerosene, or wood needs for backup heating
Water Storage Calculator
Know how much water your family needs for emergencies
Disclaimer: This guide provides general emergency preparedness information. Always follow official guidance from local emergency management, FEMA, and the National Weather Service. Conditions vary by location.
Last updated: January 22, 2026. Check back for updates as the situation develops.
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